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The presidential system of government is a type of government in which most executive powers are vested in the President who is the chief executive (Head of State and Head of Government). The system was originally derived from the British monarchs of the 18th century who were very powerful.

Presidential system of government is a form of government where there is a separation of functions between the executive organ and legislative organ of government. In this system, all the three arms of government are independent of one another.

The presidential system of government is based on separation of power where the Executive is separated from the Legislature. It can also be regarded as a system where executive powers are invested in one person called the president and in which the Executive arm of government is separated from the Legislature but equal to it.

Indeed, it is a fiction to talk of separation of powers in a presidential system as the three branches of government interact with one another in diverse ways in order to ensure the smooth operation of government. Such instances of cooperation or balancing acts are ironically examples of checks and balances.

A presidential government is one in which there is an executive president,  with all executive powers and who combines the office of the of state and head of government while a parliamentary system of government, a clear distinction is made between the head of the state and the head of government. Here, the head of the state. King or Queen in Britain or President in India possesses nominal or titular authority whereas the real authority rests with the government of which the Prime Minister is the head.

In a presidential system of government, the President is both the ceremonial and executive head of state. That is, the president combines the offices of Head of State and Head of Government at the same time. In this regard, the President performs a number of functions. In particular, he enforces all laws, serves as the Commander in Chief of the Armed Forces, appoints important political office holders and grants pardon and mercy to offenders.

Rural-urban migration or drift (Urbanization) refers to the movement of people from rural to urban areas, the corresponding decrease in the proportion of people living in rural areas, and the ways in which societies adapt to this change.

The term nationalisation refers to public ownership and control of business enterprises formerly owned by private interests. In other words, nationalization may be defined to as the taking over of transfer from private to state or government, and the ownership and control of business enterprises for economic, social and political reasons.

Unemployment is a state of joblessness. An unemployed person is one who is available for work, is looking for work, but cannot find it. Unemployment means lack of employment. It is a mismatch in the labor market, where the supply of labor (by workers) is greater than the demand for labor (by companies).

Why Study Economics? - The study of economics assists individuals to be independent and be practical individuals. This is possible through the application of practical approaches to emerging issues and providing solutions to deny problems.

The Obasanjo Government inaugurated the Technical Committee on Local Government Reforms on June 25, 2003. The Chairman of the Committee was the Etsu Nupe, Alhaji Sanda Umaru Ndayako. Following the death of Alhaji Ndayako on September 1, 2003, the Deputy Chairman of the Committee, Alhaji Adamu Liman Ciroma, who was a former Secretary to the Federal Government, was made the new Chairman of the Committee.

1988 Local Government Reforms | As part of its transition-to-civil-rule programme, the Federal Military Government of General Ibrahim Babangida inaugurated the Dasuki Committee in 1986 to review the problems of local governments in Nigeria and make recommendations for dealing with them.

In a federation, powers are usually shared between two levels of government, namely, the central and state or regional governments. In theory, the twp levels of government are equal and coordinate in their respective spheres of influence.

Revenue allocation refers to the distribution of national resources between different levels of government, especially in a federation. A federation consists of strong and weak states, rich and poor states and large and small states.

Principles of government are basic truths or laws, which guide the study and practice of politics and government. They are developed by political theorists and writers based on their experience or observation of the political process but these principles have come, to be accepted over the years by scholars and practitioners alike as indispensable and essential to understanding political phenomena.

Zoning is a recent phenomenon in the political history of Nigeria. Zoning is a political device designed to ensure that political offices are distributed equitably among the various regions or geo-political zones of the country.

The principle of checks and balances means that each organ of government should exercise control over the other, while Separation of Powers can be defined as a system of government which the legislature, executive, and judiciary are each separate in term. of functions and personnel. Baron de Mostesquieu argued that where the legislative and executive powers were united in the same person, there could be no liberty.

Capitalism is an economic system in which the means of production and distribution are mainly owned and controlled by private individuals and firms. The primary aim of any economic activity in a capitalist state is to make profit.

Democratic Government | Democracy is a form of government in which citizen participation is encouraged, through a series of legitimate mechanisms, so that they can make political, economic, social and cultural decisions. Democracy is a system of government that respects human rights, freedom of expression, and equal opportunities. It also seeks to be a fair system and ensure the general welfare of society.

Types of Political Participation | Political participation there for refers to "those activities by which members of a society share in the selection of rulers, and directly or indirectly in the formation of public policy".