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National income is the monetary value of all goods and services produced in a country in a year or the totality of income accruable to all factors of production employed in producing goods and services in the year in the country such as wages, salaries, rents, interests and profits. It is equal to NNP - Indirect Business Taxes.

The United Nations or UN, also called the United Nations Organization (UNO), is the largest and most important international organization on the planet. Most of the world's recognized nations ascribe to it.

Nigeria became a member of the Non-Aligned Movement at the independence in 1960. The tone for Nigeria’s non-alignment policy was laid by Prime Minister Abubakar Tafawa Balewa in a speech he made at the House of Representatives on 7th October 1960, six days after Nigeria’s independence.

Africa as the “centrepiece” of Nigeria’s foreign policy means that Africa is the focus of Nigeria’s foreign policy. In other words, this policy orientation implies that the country places a high premium on issues relating to African affairs in her foreign policy.

The Nigerian foreign policy is profoundly affected or influenced by the perceptions, attitudes and value preferences of the various participants in the decision-making process. In other words, a nation’s international behaviour is, to a great extent, determined by the interests of those making and implementing foreign policies.

Foreign policy is a decision directed by a government to the governments of other states. It is a policy that is meant to influence other states in the international political system. Although foreign policy is an extension of domestic policy, it isformulated to affect other countries.

Globalization is a phenomenon based on the continuous increase in the interconnection between the different nations of the world on the economic, political, social and technological levels. The use of this term has been used since the 80s. That is, since technological advances have facilitated and accelerated international commercial and financial transactions. And for this reason, the phenomenon has as many defenders - such as the International Monetary Fund (IMF) or the World Bank - as detractors.

The Niger Delta refers to the area around the southern tributaries of River Niger and includes states such as Bayelsa, Rivers, Delta, Cross River, Akwa Ibom and parts of Edo and Ondo states. The area is largely in habited by small ethnic groups, and this in itself creates problems of its own and promotes divisiveness and inter-group rivalries.

A lot has been written in previous chapters on the 1962 - 1963 Census Crisis in Nigeria and this article only puts the whole problem in perspective. The census crisis was the first major political conflict to be confronted by the post-colonial Nigerian state.

The Action Group (AG) crisis of 1962 was an intra-party disagreement which ordinarily should have been of little interest to students of Nigerian government and politics conflicts within political parties are normal and sometimes necessary.

Privatisation and commercialisation policies were first introduced under the Structural Adjustment Programme (SAP), which was imposed on the country by the Bretton Woods Institutions (i.e International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank) in 1986.

Quota system is a much abused and vilified instrument of social engineering in Nigeria. It is a principle of representativeness which states that every region or state of the country should be represented in the public bureaucracy of the federal government in proportion to its size or population.

Capitalism is an economic system in which the means of production and distribution are mainly owned and controlled by private individuals and firms. The primary aim of any economic activity in a capitalist state is to make profit.

Types of Political Participation | Political participation there for refers to "those activities by which members of a society share in the selection of rulers, and directly or indirectly in the formation of public policy".

A constitutional monarchy is a form of monarchical government (that is, exercised by a king or queen) in which there is a separation of powers and therefore the king shares political power with other institutions, such as a parliament and a court of law.

The caudillos were political, military and ideological leaders that emerged during the 19th and 20th centuries in various countries of Southern America. These were not popular leaders, but led the popular sectors leading a coalition of elite forces.

Independence of Mexico: Process of liberation of the colonial territory of New Spain, which took place between 1810 and 1821.

The Independence of Argentina was produced from the political and military process that allowed the United Provinces of South America to emancipate themselves from Spanish rule at the beginning of the 19th century.

With Patria Vieja, it refers to the stage of political and military conflicts that broke out in Chile from the First National Government Junta, in 1810, until the Battle of Rancagua in 1814, which gave rise to the Spanish Reconquest.

Dictatorship is a system in which a single person rules the entire nation. Dictatorship is very similar to autocracy, since the reins of power remain in the hands of an individual. The power of this individual is unlimited and uncontrolled. You are not accountable to anyone and none of your actions are subject to legal review.