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The Judiciary is the system of courts that interprets and applies the law. The judiciary also provides a mechanism for the resolution of disputes. Under the doctrine of the separation of powers, the judiciary generally does not make law (in a plenary fashion which is the responsibility of the legislature) or enforce law (which is the responsibility of the executive) but rather interprets law and applies it to the facts of each case.

Structure of the Judiciary | Organs of Government The structure of the judiciary varies from country to country. Written constitutions usually contain provisions which provide...

An independent judiciary is one which is free from the interference of the other two arms of government, the executive and legislature. Judges should be free when interpreting the law of the land, they should work without fear or favour.

Powers and Functions of the Judiciary | Branch of Government The judiciary constitutes the arm of government that interprets the law of the state and...

Montesquieu defines separation of powers as a system of government by which the legislature, executive, and judiciary are each separate in terms of functions and personnel. He warned that under no circumstance should any two or more functions be performed by one person or body of persons since such a practice will eliminate the liberty of the citizens and thereby encourage tyranny.

The principle of checks and balances means that each organ of government should exercise control over the other, while Separation of Powers can be defined as a system of government which the legislature, executive, and judiciary are each separate in term. of functions and personnel. Baron de Mostesquieu argued that where the legislative and executive powers were united in the same person, there could be no liberty.

Political Liberty is the right of an individual to share in the government of his country. The state recognises political right, especially as most of these rights are entrenched in the constitution.

The principle of checks and balances is not well developed under the cabinet system of government largely because the three branches of government perform overlapping functions, and are so interconnected that it is diflicult to separate one from the other. As said before, the Lord Chancellor in Britain straddles the three arms of government. As such, the three arms of government are more or less one, and cannot, in reality, exercise effective control over one another.

Nigeria – Public Commissions | Nigeria has been operating the presidential system of government since the beginning of the Second Republic in 1979. The 1979 Constitution and the succeeding constitutions of 1989 and 1999 have all provided for a presidential executive in which the President is the locus of federal authority.

Plea Bargain is the process whereby the accused and the prosecutor in a criminal case work out a mutually satisfactory disposition of the case subject to court approved.

Control of Civil Service | The civil service is subject to various forms of control. Civil servants may be censured by the legislature, disciplined by the executive, overruled by the courts and criticised by the public.

1963 Republican Constitution - The prime minister and regional premiers met in May, 1963 in order to discuss and settle constitutional issues. So, the conference of heads of government of Nigeria agreed to summon an all-party constitutional conference in Lagos to suggest to it, important changes in the constitution.

J.T.U. Aguiyi Ironsi Military Rule (January, 1966 – July, 1966) - The deep division in the political class and the military institution itself, encouraged a few young army officers to overthrow the civilian government of Alhaji Tafawa Balewa at the dawn of 15th January, 1966.

The functions and Powers of a government are usually defined by the constitution of the state. The basic functions of government are as follows - Maintenance of Law And Order, Making and Enforcing Law

Thus government as a process or the art of governing refers to the way public business is carried out. In carrying out public business, there is the need for the use of creative skills. Policies have to be adapted to the prevailing situation. Thus is precisely why governing is an art.

Why Do We Study Government? - After this, a students of Government may not find it difficult to answer the question: why study Government? Nevertheless, the study of Government is important for the following reasons.

Government as an institution of the state may be defined as a machinery established by the state to organize the state, manage it’s affairs and administer it’s functions and duties. It is also seen as a machinery through which the will of the state is formulated, expressed and realised.

Characteristics Of Good Government - Government is the system or group of people governing an organized community, often a State.

The main features of the 1979 constitution of Nigeria second republic included the following - Promotion of National Unity, Introduction of Presidential System of Government, National Assembly, The Judiciary and Retention of Federalism System of Government.

Features of the Third Republican – 1989 Constitution of Federal Republic of Nigeria