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The battle of the Vuelta de Obligado was a warlike confrontation between the forces of the Argentine Confederation and an Anglo-French squad that tried to navigate the Argentine inland rivers. It took place on November 20, 1845 on the waters of the Paraná River, near the Buenos Aires town of San Pedro and within the framework of the Anglo-French blockade of the Río de la Plata (1845-1850).

The First Mexican Empire was the sovereign State that was constituted after the declaration of the Independence of Mexico, in 1821. This empire lasted only 17 months, since it was proclaimed on August 24, 1821 and dissolved on April 8, 1823. The only monarch of the First Mexican Empire was the Creole General Agustín de Iturbide, who adopted the name of Agustín I. Iturbide's reign ended when his opponents, led by General Antonio López de Santa Anna and Guadalupe Victoria, took up arms against he.

Instability is chronic in Nigeria and much of what happened in the past resonates today. Between 1967 and 1970, a civil and secessionist war took place in what is called Federal Republic of Nigeria that showed the fragility of the inherited borders in Africa and the terrible coexistence between the different ethnic groups, leaving, among various consequences, and according to different calculations, 500,000 - 2,000,000 victims (or more, others indicate, up to three million people) in that failed independence.

The Late Middle Ages was the last stage of the Middle Ages. It lasted approximately from the end of the 11th century to the second half of the 15th century, which is why it is situated between the High Middle Ages and the Modern Age.

The Treaty of Verdun was a treaty signed in August 843 AD by the descendants of the Emperor Charlemagne, after the death of his son Luis, the Pious. The objective of this was to end the succession struggles between the grandsons of Charlemagne, Lotario, Luis and Carlos, for the Crown of the Carolingian Empire.

Feudal System - a political, economic and social system, which prevailed in Western and Central Europe during much of the Middle Ages, and in Eastern Europe during the Modern Age.

Italian fascism was a totalitarian political movement, led by Benito Mussolini. It was developed between the years 1920 and 1943, especially after the political and economic crisis that generated the First World War. Italy was the first fascist state in history.

Socialism is a philosophical current of economic, social and political thought, as well as a diverse set of political theories, movements and socio-economic systems that have been inspired by such thought. All of them have in common the defense of the public, collective or cooperative property of the means of production of the society, instead of their property in private hands. In addition, it proposes the planning and organization of social and economic life from the forces that make up the State.

The euro area is a monetary union. In order to have a monetary union, there must be a situation in which at least two countries share the same official currency. In the euro area, this requirement is met. In other words, more than two countries have the euro as their official currency. Specifically, there are 19 states.

The term business comes from the Latin negotium, a word formed by nec and otium ("what is not leisure"). It is about the occupation, the work or the task that is carried out for profit. Among the most notorious debates within the economic world, it is worth highlighting the debate that faces those economists who are more in favor of a market economy, and other economists, who demonstrate less confidence in "the invisible hand" of Adam Smith and, therefore, they propose a planned economy model. A very widespread debate across the planet, which, to date, has not found a valid conclusion.

Created in 1834, Zollverein was an economic organization by German termed as a customs union under Prussian leadership. Numerous German states joined forces to create a free trade zone and establish customs tariffs against third countries.

The Single Euro Payments Area (SEPA) is a collective association created in Europe that allows companies, individuals and public bodies to make payments in euros without using cash. These payments can be made using a single bank account for payment transactions in different part of Europe within the SEPA zone.

William Stanley Jevons was an English economist and logician, known for pioneering the Marginalist Revolution and for his use of the differential calculus in economics. William Stanley Jevons (1835-1882) was born in Liverpool to a wealthy merchant family. He entered  University College London , but due to the bankruptcy of the family businesses, he had to withdraw from studies and travel to Sydney, Australia to work for several years at the Mint.

Parliamentary Supremacy or Parliamentary Sovereignty can be defined as the exclusive right of parliament to make and unmake laws without any form of extemal control.

The Cabinet or parliamentary system of government is an executive based on parliamentary majority. It is sometimes known as party government. It is the leader of the party that wins the largest majority in parliament in a general election that is called upon to form a government. He becomes the Prime Minister if he is able to form a government.

Unicameralism - Unicameral Legislature is the existence of one legislative chamber in a country. Legislative functions are performed by only one chamber, with members directly elected by the electorate. 

Political parties usually adopt different methods to achieve political power. It is this strategies or methods that provide parties with their organisation. Thus, the type of party organisation depends on the kind of methods they employ to realise their objectives. This implies that political parties create certain structures in order to capture political power.

Single party system or One Party State may be defined as one in which only one legal and legitimate political party is constitutionally recognised in the country. No other party is recognised and can therefore not exist. The main features of one party state may be summarized as follows;

The Generation of '80 is known as the Argentine elite that ruled the country during the years 1880 and 1916. This was characterized by having a strong influence of French and English culture.

The purposes and functions of elections in the political systems include the Clarification of Issues, Selection of Candidates for Public Office, Peaceful Transfer of Power, Political Participation and Communication.