Malpractice means bad or improper behaviour. Failure to carry out a duty as expected may also be considered a malpractice. Therefore, electoral malpractice is the manifestation of all forms of electoral misconducts, capable of derailing the electoral process.

Opportunity cost is the potential benefit of an alternative opportunity that must be sacrificed when choosing a specific action. In other words, opportunity cost measures the cost of giving up one opportunity to take another. For example, if you want to buy a new car, you need to give up...