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The Battle of Arica, also called the assault and taking of the Morro de Arica, was a land combat between the troops of Chile and Peru that took place on June 7, 1880. It consists of one of the most important weapons events of the Pacific War.

The Cuban Revolution was an armed insurrection, carried out by the Cuban left movement, under the command of Fidel Castro, which occurred between 1953 and 1959. It fought against the Cuban government of Fulgencio Batista, who had served as president from 1940 to 1944 and then by force from 1952 to 1959.

The Congress of Angostura is known as the Constituent Assembly convened in 1819 by the Venezuelan liberator, Simón Bolívar. It met in the city ​​of Santo Tomás de Angostura, in what is now Ciudad Bolívar, east of the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela. The Congress of Angostura was made up of 30 deputies who belonged to 7 of the former provinces of the Captaincy General of Venezuela. His objective was to unite Venezuela and New Granada into a single nation, called Colombia.

The Independence of Bolivia was a revolutionary process that led to the liberation of the colonial region of Alto Peru and the birth of the Republic of Bolivia in 1825. The revolutionary process began in 1809, with the uprisings in the cities of Chuquisaca and La Paz. From then until 1825, Upper Peru was the scene of a large number of confrontations between patriots and Upper Peruvian royalists, and between the expeditionary forces sent by Buenos Aires and the royal army of Peru.

Both the monarchy and the republic are systems of government. However, the republic is opposed to the monarchy in the way of governing. In the monarchy, the head of state remains in power for life, or even abdicates. In the republic, the head of state is democratically elected for a certain period of time. In a monarchy, with the exception of elective monarchies, which are not so common today, heredity is an important factor. In the regime, the sons of monarchs are their successors. In the republic, new heads of state are elected by the people after a term that usually lasts about four or five years.

While it is true that the theoretical and ideological origin of the socialist and communist tendencies is common, there is a significant difference between socialism and communism from the economic, political and sociological point of view. Communism is commonly understood to be the last phase of socialist theory. Over the years and the appearance of new socio-political and economic models, both ideological tendencies have diverged. Mostly thanks to new mixed perspectives and coexistence with the capitalist and free market model.

Communism is a political and socio-economic ideology based on the abolition of private property and social classes. Capitalism, on the other hand, refers to a socio-economic system based on the right to private ownership of the means of production and free trade in goods and products.

Communism and anarchism differ in the way of achieving an egalitarian society based on the absence of the State, on free association between people and on the extinction of private property. For communism, the construction of a classless society takes place through the intensification of the contradictions of capitalism, giving rise to a process of transformation in the mode of production. This change necessitates in a transition period called socialist. As for anarchism, the State is based on hierarchization and coercion, which would prevent the construction of a fair and egalitarian society.

Communalism is a social, political and economic arrangement in which landed property and other natural resources are collectively owned, managed and co-operatively harnessed by the community for the common good of everybody.

The Plan of Ayutla (Ayutla Plan) was a political pronouncement made by liberal leaders against the dictatorship of Mexican President Antonio López de Santa Anna. It was proclaimed on March 1, 1854 in the city of Ayutla, State of Guerrero, by Florencio Villarreal, Ignacio Comonfort and Juan N. Álvarez. He received the support of Benito Juárez, Melchor Ocampo, Ponciano Arriaga, and other liberals exiled by Santa Anna, who had gone into exile in the United States.

The First Mexican Empire was the sovereign State that was constituted after the declaration of the Independence of Mexico, in 1821. This empire lasted only 17 months, since it was proclaimed on August 24, 1821 and dissolved on April 8, 1823. The only monarch of the First Mexican Empire was the Creole General Agustín de Iturbide, who adopted the name of Agustín I. Iturbide's reign ended when his opponents, led by General Antonio López de Santa Anna and Guadalupe Victoria, took up arms against he.

Otomí: History of the Otomies Otomies: Mexican indigenous people. Who are the Otomi? The Otomi are Mexican indigenous people who, due to coexistence in the same regions...

The Paracas were a culture that inhabited the southern coast of the current territory of Peru, between the years 700 BC to 200 DC approximately. This period corresponds to the end of the Formative Period and the Early Intermediate Period, according to the periodization of the history of the Andean Area. The Paracas culture is considered the first complex society of the southern coastal area of ​​Peru.

Olmec Civilization: History of Olmecs Olmec: Mesoamerican civilization that developed on the coast of the Gulf of Mexico. Data Date 1500 - 500 BC Location Gulf of Mexico Religion Polytheistic Economy Agriculture and Commerce Who...

The Nazcas were a pre-Inca civilization that existed between the 1st and 6th centuries in southern Peru, more specifically around Nazca and its surrounding valleys. This culture is known worldwide for its impressive geoglyphs drawn in the desert, called Nazca lines, which can be seen from the air and the nearby hills. Although its meaning is not clear, experts say they are related to its astronomical calendar.

The Teotihuacanos were a culture developed around the city of Teotihuacan, located in the central region of Mexico, during the early Classic Period, according to the periodization of Mesoamerican history. This had its apogee between the years 100 BC and 650 BC approximately.

Instability is chronic in Nigeria and much of what happened in the past resonates today. Between 1967 and 1970, a civil and secessionist war took place in what is called Federal Republic of Nigeria that showed the fragility of the inherited borders in Africa and the terrible coexistence between the different ethnic groups, leaving, among various consequences, and according to different calculations, 500,000 - 2,000,000 victims (or more, others indicate, up to three million people) in that failed independence.

Toltec Civilization | History Toltec Culture: Mesoamerican civilization that developed between the 10th and 12th centuries. Data Date Between the 9th and 13th Centuries Location Mexican Altiplano (Nomadic Civilization) Form of...

Catholic Monarchs | Ferdinand II of Aragon and Isabel I of Castile are known as Catholic kings who unified the crowns of Castile and Aragon in the second half of the 15th century, giving rise to the Hispanic monarchy.

The Aztecs or Mexica were a Nahua people who, between 1325 and 1521, formed an expansionist civilization in the Valley of Mexico. Its development corresponds to the late Postclassic period according to the traditional periodization of Mesoamerica.