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Herbert Macaulay (1864 – 1945)
Herbert Macaulay Samuel Heelas was born in Lagos on 14th November, 1864. He was the seventh child of Reverend Thomas Babington Macaulay and Abigail Macaulay (daughter of Bishop Ajayi Crowther). He attended St. Paul’s Anglican School, Breadfruit Street and C.M.S. Day School, Faji both in Lagos.
Obafemi Awolowo (1909 – 1987)
Chief Jeremiah Obafemi Awolowo was born at Ikenne, Ogun State on 6th March, 1909. He had his early education at Ikenne and Abeokuta before proceeding to Wesley College, Ibadan.
Northern Elements Progressive Union (NEPU)
The Northcrn Elements Progressive Union (NEPU) was formed in 1949. It was a breakaway faction of the Jamiyar Mutanen Arewa (JMA). NEPU was dissatisfied with the JMA’s conservative and gradualist approach to politics.
Nigerian National Democratic Party (NNDP)
The Nigerian National Democratic Party (NNDP) was formed by Herbert Macaulay in 1923 thus becoming the first party in Nigeria and British West Africa. The party was formed to tight the Oluwa land case and to contest the three seats allocated to Lagos on the Legislative Council by the Clifford Constitution of 1922.
National Convention of Nigerian Citizens (NCNC)
The NCNC emerged in the early 1940s to fill the void created by the collapse of the NNDP and NYM. It was formed through one of the meetings organized by the Nigerian Union of Students, an offshoot of the West African Students Union (WASU). The party was formally inaugurated on 6th August, 1944.
Northern People’s Congress (NPC)
The Northern People’s Congress (NPC) was the first major political party in Northern Nigeria. It began as Jamiyar Mutanen Arewa (JMA) in 1948. The party was formally launched in October 1951.
Action Group (AG) | Political Party, Nigeria
The Action Group (AG) was founded in 1950 but was formally launched in April 1951. Chief Obafemi Awolowo, the Secretary-Generel of ‘Egbe Omo Oduduwa’ was the leader of the party, which emerged from the Yoruba cultural association.
United Middle Belt Congress (UMBC) | Political Party, Nigeria
The United Middle Belt Congress (UMBC) was formed in the early 1950s to promote the cause of the non-Muslim minority in Northern Nigeria. It developed largely as a protest movement against the dominance of the Northern People’s Congress (NPC) in the area.
Rise And Growth Of Nationalism After World War II
Nationalism in the African context may be defined as the struggles by Africans to free themselves from foreign rule, and to determine, after independence has been won, their own future. In the period before the Second World War, nationalism was aimed at resolving certain grievances of the elites.
National Congress Of British West Africa (NCBWA)
The first conference of the National Congress of British West Africa was held at Accra in Ghana in 1920 under the leadership of Casely Hayford, a Ghanaian lawyer. Dr. Akinwande Savage, a Nigerian, worked closely with Hayford in organizing the conference.
Nationalist Movements In French West Africa
There was a late development of nationalism in French-speaking West African countries.
At a time when the educated elites in British West Africa were challenging colonial rule, and demanding self-government, the elite in French colonial territories were busy struggling for accommodation within the system. Many Africans were elected as members of the French Parliament in Paris.
Effects Of Nationalism In West Africa
There were several effects of nationalism. The most important effects ere outlined below
Indirect Rule | Definition, Features, Pros & Cons
Indirect rule is the system of government in which a colonial power makes use of the traditional institutions of the local people in the administration of a territory.
Role Of Traditional Rulers During Colonial Period
Before the advent of colonialism, the traditional rulers or chiefs in many parts of Africa exercised unlimited powers. The chiefs performed legislative, executive and judicial functions.
Merits & Demerits of Indirect Rule
Indirect Rule system was less expensive because the colonial masters used the machinery of traditional rulers to run the affairs of government.
Differences Between French and British Colonial Policies In Africa
There were certain differences between British and French colonial policies in West Africa.
In the first place, the French regarded all her colonial territories in West Africa as one political unit, which was part of the Republic of France.
Brazzaville Conference, 1944 In West Africa
The 1944, Brazzaville conference held in Dr Congo made the following recommendations.
Crown Colony System | Structures & Features
The following institutions constituted the Crown Colony Government which was responsible for the administration of British colonial territories.
Features Of French Policy Of Assimilation
Policy of Assimilation - This system worked out well due to the cooperation of the traditional chiefs. The traditional chiefs claimed that since their cultures and traditions were not tampered with, they had no problem dealing with the British officials, but this was to some extent.
Success Of Indirect Rule In Northern Nigeria
Success Of Indirect Rule In Nigeria - The indirect rule system was largely a success in the Northern Protectorate because of the following reasons.