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Pre Independence Constitutional Development - A constitution is the fundamental law of a country. No matter how good a constitution may be, it must constantly adapt to changes in its environment if it is to endure. However, the pace at which things change in the environment, especially with regard to the distribution and exercise of power, may not be matched by the provisions of the constitution.

The Nigerian Independence 1960 Constitution advantages are; Independence of the country with Bi-cameral Legislature, Provisions for the Fundamental human rights of citizens...

The 1963 Republican Constitution came into effect on 1st October, 1963. This constitution and other subsequent post-independence constitutions are distinguishable from the previous ones by the fact that they are drafted by Nigerians for Nigerians.

The 1963 Republican Constitution in Nigeria first republic has the following advantages and disadvantages. An elected president, Supreme Court as the final court of appeal, Fundamental human rights, Power of judicial review, Political participation, Free from external (British) interference

1963 Republican Constitution - The prime minister and regional premiers met in May, 1963 in order to discuss and settle constitutional issues. So, the conference of heads of government of Nigeria agreed to summon an all-party constitutional conference in Lagos to suggest to it, important changes in the constitution.

The military could be credited with some achievements during the period of military rule. The intervention of the military in Nigerian politics saved the country from total disintegration on several occasions. A case in point the failure of the civilian government to resolve the Western Region crises in 1965. The military coup of 15th January, 1966 might have saved Nigeria from the apparent incompetence of the political class.

Many things can be learnt from the processes of return to civil rule in Africa and especially in Nigeria. But the most important lesson is that it is extremely difficult for the military to withdraw from politics once they are in it.

Generally, there are two theories about the causes of military intervention in Nigeria politics. The first theory relates to the internal characteristics of the military itself. This theory contends that military intervention in politics...

The third successful military coup in Nigeria was staged on 29th July, 1975 and Brigadier (later General) Murtala Muhammed emerged as the new Head of State and Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces.

The Western Regional Elections were held on 11th October, 1965 to elect members of the region’s House of Assembly. This was an election, which the new NNDP government needed to win to consolidate its hold on power in the region.

In a palace coup that took place on 27th August, 1985, Major General Ibrahim Babangida, the Chief of Army Staff under the Buhari regime, emerged as the new Head of State and Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of the Federation.

J.T.U. Aguiyi Ironsi Military Rule (January, 1966 – July, 1966) - The deep division in the political class and the military institution itself, encouraged a few young army officers to overthrow the civilian government of Alhaji Tafawa Balewa at the dawn of 15th January, 1966.

Lt Colonel Yakubu Gowon, the Chief of Army Staff under Ironsi, became the Head of State and Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces after the bloody coup d’etat of 29th July, 1966 which led to the assassination of General Aguiyi Ironsi and Lt. Colonel Adekunle Fajuyi, the military governor of Western Nigeria and several military officers mainly of Igbo extraction. Ironsi was killed while on a state visit to the Western Region.

Following the sudden death of General Sani Abacha on 8th June, 1998, General Abdusalami Abubakar, the Chief of Defence Staff was appointed as the new Head of State and Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces. The regime was therefore a child of circumstance.

The military once again seized power from a civilian government on 31st December, 1983. Major General Muhammadu Buhari emerged as the new Head of State and Commander in Chief of the Armed Forces.

Components of Transition Programme In Nigeria - In Nigeria, the transition to civil rule programme has usually followed a predictable pattern. And the basic components of the transition programmes usually include the following...

The National Council of Nigeria and the Cameroon (NCNC) was formed in 1944. The first president was Herbert Macaulay and the first general secretary was Dr. Nnamdi Azikiwe.

The Peoples Democratic Party was formed on 28th July, 1998 and formally launched on 31st August, 1998. It was one of the three parties registered by the Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC) for the 1999 elections.

The ANPP began as All Peoples Party (APP) in 1998 but, it has since May 2002 changed its name to All Nigeria People's Party (ANPP). Its pioneer National Chairman was Alhaji Mahmud Waziri. Those who have served in the position after him include Alhaji Aliyu Akwei Doma, Chief Alani Bankole, Alhaji Yussuf Ali, Governor Attahiru Bafarawa (interim Chairman), Chief Don Etiebet, Governor Bunu Sheriff Musa (interim Chairman), Chief Edwin Ume-Ezeoke, and Dr. Ogbonaya Onu.

The Action Congress of Nigeria (ACN) previously Action Congress (AC) was established in 2005 as a result of the crisis in the Alliance for Democracy. The power behind the formation of the ACN was Alhaji Ahmed Bola Tinubu who was the then Alliance For Democracy Governor of Lagos State. Other principal members of the party are Chief Bisi Akande, Mr. Audu Ogbe and Dr. Christ Ngige.