A perfect market may be defined as a market where neither the sellers nor buyers can influence the prices of goods and services because they are many in number. It is also called competitive market or perfect competition. In such a market, identical goods are sold by many sellers at a common price.

Value at risk is a statistical technique to measure the financial risk of an investment. Indicates the probability (usually 1% or 5%) of suffering a certain loss during a period of time (usually 1 day, 1 week or 1 month).