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The capital market is a financial market for trading in, long-term financial assets. It is a market for long-term loans and investments. It consists of people and organizations who wish to lend out money or to borrow on a long-term basis.

National income is the monetary value of all goods and services produced in a country in a year or the totality of income accruable to all factors of production employed in producing goods and services in the year in the country such as wages, salaries, rents, interests and profits. It is equal to NNP - Indirect Business Taxes.

West African Clearing House (WACH) is form on July 1, 1976 was largely due to the efforts of the Governors of the Central Banks in West Africa to find a solution to one of the obstacles to trade among West African countries.

Capitalism may be defined as an economic system in which all or most means of production are owned and controlled by private individuals and in which the economic activity of the government is at a minimum while Socialism is an economic system where the state takes the major economic decisions through detailed planning. Countries that adopt this system do not believe in the efficacy of market forces.

The United Nations or UN, also called the United Nations Organization (UNO), is the largest and most important international organization on the planet. Most of the world's recognized nations ascribe to it.

Globalization is a phenomenon based on the continuous increase in the interconnection between the different nations of the world on the economic, political, social and technological levels. The use of this term has been used since the 80s. That is, since technological advances have facilitated and accelerated international commercial and financial transactions. And for this reason, the phenomenon has as many defenders - such as the International Monetary Fund (IMF) or the World Bank - as detractors.

Electoral Malpractices is the manifestation of all forms of electoral misconducts, capable of derailing the electoral process. Therefore, Election malpractice and rigging could be reduced if the following steps were taken. 

The Niger Delta refers to the area around the southern tributaries of River Niger and includes states such as Bayelsa, Rivers, Delta, Cross River, Akwa Ibom and parts of Edo and Ondo states. The area is largely in habited by small ethnic groups, and this in itself creates problems of its own and promotes divisiveness and inter-group rivalries.

Privatization is a policy of the government created to afford individuals, corporate bodies, the opportunity to take over ownership and control of government enterprises, companies, etc. while Commercialization is a state policy of making its companies, enterprises, parastatals, etc, more efficient and even more profit oriented. It will also make these organisations come up with efficient management of resources.

Principles of government are basic truths or laws, which guide the study and practice of politics and government. They are developed by political theorists and writers based on their experience or observation of the political process but these principles have come, to be accepted over the years by scholars and practitioners alike as indispensable and essential to understanding political phenomena.

The proletariat is distinguished from other classes such as the bourgeoisie in that it does not possess greater assets than its capacity for work, and therefore constitutes the basis of capitalist society of, as defined by Karl Marx, the "exploitation of man by man". The bourgeoisie, on the other hand, is the owner of the means of production and requires labor to generate consumer goods.

Instability is chronic in Nigeria and much of what happened in the past resonates today. Between 1967 and 1970, a civil and secessionist war took place in what is called Federal Republic of Nigeria that showed the fragility of the inherited borders in Africa and the terrible coexistence between the different ethnic groups, leaving, among various consequences, and according to different calculations, 500,000 - 2,000,000 victims (or more, others indicate, up to three million people) in that failed independence.

Bankruptcy is an economic situation in which a company, organization or an individual finds itself when, due to the inability to face its debts with the available resources, has to permanently cease its activity.

Types of Legislature | This type of legislatures enjoy considerable power to formulate polices without being challenged by the executive. Again, the executive always considers necessary the need to sample the opinion of the legislature before she brings any bill or legislation proposal to the parliament.

As the hub around which the wheel of government revolves, the executive is the active force in government. As such, it performs a number of functions and exercises certain powers which are necessary for the survival of the political system. Some of these powers and functions of the executive are explained below.

The functions and Powers of a government are usually defined by the constitution of the state. The basic functions of government are as follows - Maintenance of Law And Order, Making and Enforcing Law

Thus government as a process or the art of governing refers to the way public business is carried out. In carrying out public business, there is the need for the use of creative skills. Policies have to be adapted to the prevailing situation. Thus is precisely why governing is an art.

Why Do We Study Government? - After this, a students of Government may not find it difficult to answer the question: why study Government? Nevertheless, the study of Government is important for the following reasons.

Government as an institution of the state may be defined as a machinery established by the state to organize the state, manage it’s affairs and administer it’s functions and duties. It is also seen as a machinery through which the will of the state is formulated, expressed and realised.

The 1979 republican constitution which came into effect on 1st October, 1979 was the first post-military constitution in Nigeria. The constitution was prepared and promulgated by the Murtala/Obasanjo Federal Military Government but not until after several futile attempts had been made by previous military governments to implement a transition programme.