The Treaty of Verdun was a treaty signed in August 843 AD by the descendants of the Emperor Charlemagne, after the death of his son Luis, the Pious. The objective of this was to end the succession struggles between the grandsons of Charlemagne, Lotario, Luis and Carlos, for the Crown of the Carolingian Empire.

The Zapotecs were a civilization that developed in the region of Oaxaca, present-day Mexico, between 250 and 800 BC. These were characterized by having great influence over other great civilizations of Mesoamerica, such as the Mayan and Aztec cultures.