Like the Nigerian National Alliance (NNA), the United Progressive Grand Alliance (UPGA) was formed in 1964. The parties that formed the alliance were the NCNC, Action Group, NEPU, UMBC and a number of other small parties. Dr. Michael Okpara of the NCNC and Premier of Eastern Region was the leader of UPGA. The party which claimed to have a progressive outlook was supposed to be a counterfoil to the NNA.

Electoral Malpractices is the manifestation of all forms of electoral misconducts, capable of derailing the electoral process. Therefore, Election malpractice and rigging could be reduced if the following steps were taken.