Europe - search results

The royalist army, or royalists, was a military group, composed of European soldiers and American soldiers, who during the revolutionary period of America (1808-1833) fought to defend the Spanish Empire, its Spanish monarchy and its crown.

The Independence of Argentina was produced from the political and military process that allowed the United Provinces of South America to emancipate themselves from Spanish rule at the beginning of the 19th century.

Authoritarianism is a non-democratic system of government in which one person or elite holds power. And in which political rights and civil liberties are widely restricted. The authoritarianism is a way of exercising power in an authoritarian manner. It is also understood as an abusive attitude of authority. This word is especially used to describe authoritarian systems of government of a nation or country. It comes from the adjective 'authoritarian'.

Aristocracy is a form of government in which the rich rule largely in their own interest. An aristocratic state is one in which the nobility rules. As a form of oligarchy, The aristocratic ruling class is usually small and reported for the exploitation of the poor and the landless peasantry for the support of state works of various kinds.

An autocracy is a government under the control of one person who usually achieved his position by force. It is a government of an absolute ruler. The autocratic state is a form of despotic or tyrannical rule. The autocratic state is also sometimes called the authoritarian state. it represents an attempt by the ruling classes to perpetuate their domination.

Both the monarchy and the republic are systems of government. However, the republic is opposed to the monarchy in the way of governing. In the monarchy, the head of state remains in power for life, or even abdicates. In the republic, the head of state is democratically elected for a certain period of time. In a monarchy, with the exception of elective monarchies, which are not so common today, heredity is an important factor. In the regime, the sons of monarchs are their successors. In the republic, new heads of state are elected by the people after a term that usually lasts about four or five years.

The battle of the Vuelta de Obligado was a warlike confrontation between the forces of the Argentine Confederation and an Anglo-French squad that tried to navigate the Argentine inland rivers. It took place on November 20, 1845 on the waters of the Paraná River, near the Buenos Aires town of San Pedro and within the framework of the Anglo-French blockade of the Río de la Plata (1845-1850).

The First Mexican Empire was the sovereign State that was constituted after the declaration of the Independence of Mexico, in 1821. This empire lasted only 17 months, since it was proclaimed on August 24, 1821 and dissolved on April 8, 1823. The only monarch of the First Mexican Empire was the Creole General Agustín de Iturbide, who adopted the name of Agustín I. Iturbide's reign ended when his opponents, led by General Antonio López de Santa Anna and Guadalupe Victoria, took up arms against he.

Instability is chronic in Nigeria and much of what happened in the past resonates today. Between 1967 and 1970, a civil and secessionist war took place in what is called Federal Republic of Nigeria that showed the fragility of the inherited borders in Africa and the terrible coexistence between the different ethnic groups, leaving, among various consequences, and according to different calculations, 500,000 - 2,000,000 victims (or more, others indicate, up to three million people) in that failed independence.

The Late Middle Ages was the last stage of the Middle Ages. It lasted approximately from the end of the 11th century to the second half of the 15th century, which is why it is situated between the High Middle Ages and the Modern Age.

The Treaty of Verdun was a treaty signed in August 843 AD by the descendants of the Emperor Charlemagne, after the death of his son Luis, the Pious. The objective of this was to end the succession struggles between the grandsons of Charlemagne, Lotario, Luis and Carlos, for the Crown of the Carolingian Empire.

Feudal System - a political, economic and social system, which prevailed in Western and Central Europe during much of the Middle Ages, and in Eastern Europe during the Modern Age.

Italian fascism was a totalitarian political movement, led by Benito Mussolini. It was developed between the years 1920 and 1943, especially after the political and economic crisis that generated the First World War. Italy was the first fascist state in history.

Socialism is a philosophical current of economic, social and political thought, as well as a diverse set of political theories, movements and socio-economic systems that have been inspired by such thought. All of them have in common the defense of the public, collective or cooperative property of the means of production of the society, instead of their property in private hands. In addition, it proposes the planning and organization of social and economic life from the forces that make up the State.

The euro area is a monetary union. In order to have a monetary union, there must be a situation in which at least two countries share the same official currency. In the euro area, this requirement is met. In other words, more than two countries have the euro as their official currency. Specifically, there are 19 states.

Zygmunt Bauman (1927-2017) was a Polish sociologist, thinker, teacher and writer, one of the most critical voices in contemporary society. He created the expression “Liquid Modernity” to classify the fluidity of the world where individuals no longer have a standard of reference.

The term business comes from the Latin negotium, a word formed by nec and otium ("what is not leisure"). It is about the occupation, the work or the task that is carried out for profit. Among the most notorious debates within the economic world, it is worth highlighting the debate that faces those economists who are more in favor of a market economy, and other economists, who demonstrate less confidence in "the invisible hand" of Adam Smith and, therefore, they propose a planned economy model. A very widespread debate across the planet, which, to date, has not found a valid conclusion.

Created in 1834, Zollverein was an economic organization by German termed as a customs union under Prussian leadership. Numerous German states joined forces to create a free trade zone and establish customs tariffs against third countries.

The Single Euro Payments Area (SEPA) is a collective association created in Europe that allows companies, individuals and public bodies to make payments in euros without using cash. These payments can be made using a single bank account for payment transactions in different part of Europe within the SEPA zone.

William Stanley Jevons was an English economist and logician, known for pioneering the Marginalist Revolution and for his use of the differential calculus in economics. William Stanley Jevons (1835-1882) was born in Liverpool to a wealthy merchant family. He entered  University College London , but due to the bankruptcy of the family businesses, he had to withdraw from studies and travel to Sydney, Australia to work for several years at the Mint.