The United Middle Belt Congress (UMBC) was formed in the early 1950s to promote the cause of the non-Muslim minority in Northern Nigeria. It developed largely as a protest movement against the dominance of the Northern People’s Congress (NPC) in the area.

The primitive mode of production or primitive communism is one of the ways in which the way of organizing the production of goods and services in an economy can be presented. This theory was developed by Karl Marx, who classified history in different modes of production in chronological order.