The royalist army, or royalists, was a military group, composed of European soldiers and American soldiers, who during the revolutionary period of America (1808-1833) fought to defend the Spanish Empire, its Spanish monarchy and its crown.

The Nazcas were a pre-Inca civilization that existed between the 1st and 6th centuries in southern Peru, more specifically around Nazca and its surrounding valleys. This culture is known worldwide for its impressive geoglyphs drawn in the desert, called Nazca lines, which can be seen from the air and the nearby hills. Although its meaning is not clear, experts say they are related to its astronomical calendar.