The Nigerian Youth Movement began as the Lagos Youth Movement in 1933. It was a protest movement to challenge the domination of Lagos politics by the Nigerian National Democratic Party. The party was renamed as Nigerian Youth Movement in 1936.

The Carolingian Empire was a state of the Early Middle Ages, founded by the Frankish King Charlemagne, who ruled it between 768 and 814. The foundations of this empire were laid by his father, Pepin the Short, who in 751 overthrew the last king of the Frankish dynasty of the Merovingians. The new monarch was crowned by Pope Stephen II, who granted him the right to hereditary succession.